IoT- Part- 1- Introduction to IoT (Internet of Things)

Why Internet is so important in our life?

   1) Social Networking

Keeping personal information in-front of public is very trending since the launch of facebook, this info contains details of there working profile, relationship status, location, their content interest, and activities etc.

Also it enables marketing, small business growth, communication with clients. 

2) Information Access

Information access without any outdoor efforts is the ability for an individual or group to seek, receive and impact information effectively.

Weather report, News, current affairs, trending entities, solution for any problem, audio, video, and any type of digital information is highly requested in every second.

Search engines like google, yahoo, bing, duckduckgo, etc are the broker to connect these peoples with Information.

3) Services

Internet has not only made it easier but has created new business options as well.

Drop Shipping, affiliate marketing, eBook, online booking, social media, virtual intelligence, freelancing, online education, eCommerce, and many more are highly profitable businesses idea domain, which will never get down in upcoming future.

Online shopping is one of the most fascinating service which will never get old.

Data Driven model which in simple is a technique used by organisation to provide better service's to their customer by doing analysis on customer searches, interest of content, regular behavior, search pattern and many small things, to provide better result or suggestion whenever customer visit their site again. YouTube, Instagram, Facebook are very good example of this.

Many IT industries are getting down as they don't analysis the interest or pattern of their costumer.

IoT (Internet of Things)

Their is no official definition for IoT. You can create it of your own based on how you want to express it to others, for me...

IoT is simple implementation of system which contains the method of real-time retrieval of data same as we normal human retrieve by the mean of software control and embedded objects such as sensors, actuator, software, etc. These data occupies very low memory consumption such as Boolean, Character and Integer. 

By 2025 it is predicted to become a $8 billion industries and approximately 40 to 80 billion devices to be connected at that time.

Technologies that makes IoT possible

1. Big Data (unstructured data)
2. Cheap sensors (50% cheaper)
3. Cheap bandwidth
4. Cheap processing
5. Smart devices
6. Ubiquitous wireless

Application area of IoT

• Industrial - Factory, Machines, Car, etc.
• Consumer - Home appliances, Phone, TV, etc.
• Government - Grid system, City, Public vehicles.
• Health Sector - Doctors can get prepared in by looking patient previous data, real time monitoring of Heartbeat, pulse, blood pressure, etc.

Predictive Management - IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things)

Highly used in Qualical-Case-Study to understand the gap between Demand vs Supply, Smart Grid, Gulf Industries, Save Energy for tomorrow world.

IoT System Architecture (Basic)

Sensors (Physical Layer):

Sensors are the smart object capable of sensing the data according to their specification such as temperature sensor sense 'temperature', pressure sensor sense 'pressure', object sensor senses 'object' and many more are available like this.

These sensors are having special and specific internal hardware structure which convert the electrical data (analog/digital) for you and can be further converted into meaningful information by applying logical calculation in program.

Don't worry we will apply this in real once we start learning the basics of controller programming and hardware interface.

Gateways/frameworks (Network and Communication Layer):

Gateways are the carrier between your hardware(sensors) to server(cloud) to software(smartphone).

WiFi, GSM, Bluetooth, LTE, Xbee, SigFox, NB IoT, NFC, Lora, etc are very cheap and efficient communication medium devices, these devices are used for implementing IoT as on localhost or online services.

Communication module:

Lora can communicate up-to 15 km without internet.
NB IoT - has deep penetration capabilities.
6 Low Pan is nothing but the modified version of IPv6.

Cloud server (Transport & Application Layer):

A cloud server is a hidden physical server running in a virtual environment that can be accessed remotely from anywhere around the world using the internet.

The transport layer is the implementation of the TCP/UDP protocol.
The application layer is an implementation of Software, and some new protocols apart from HTTP.

This protocol needs to be very low weighted, which about them we will see in future.

Mobile (Edge Devices & Computing Layer):

The computing layer contains some important points which should be kept in mind while developing of IoT network:

• Providing security to all connected devices.
• Assigning an IP address to these devices.
• Providing a connection to all devices in a single network or gateway. 

The network at the end may contain 'n' number of connected devices which may be connected to a common gateway or to another network, these devices receive the data at the same time from the server. 

In advance of this network architecture, there is the execution of analysis of data mainly on the cloud, which is used as a prediction of next up-coming data, or for finding the meaningful information from the collection of these data's at the end app.



In the next part, we will start with some basics fundamentals of Hardware.

Purchase Arduino UNO board: from here

Download Arduino IDE: from here

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